How to Combine Text from Cells in Google Sheets (CONCATENATE and TEXTJOIN)

Combining text (also called concatenating) joins the contents of several cells into one. It's how you turn a first-name column and a last-name column into a full name, or build an address from separate parts. Google Sheets gives you three ways to do it.

The & operator (simplest)

The ampersand & glues text together. With a first name in A2 and a last name in B2:

=A2&" "&B2

Google Sheets: First name Anna in A2, last name Smith in B2, and =A2&" "&B2 in D2 showing Anna Smith — Real test: `=A2&" "&B2` joins Anna and Smith with a space.

Everything in double quotes is added literally, so you can join more parts: =A2&" "&B2&" ("&C2&")" gave "Anna Smith (Boston)" in our test.

CONCATENATE

CONCATENATE does the same thing as a function. It's handy when you prefer named functions:

=CONCATENATE(A2, " ", B2)

It doesn't add separators for you, so include the spaces yourself, just like with &.

TEXTJOIN (best for many cells)

TEXTJOIN adds a separator between every piece automatically and can skip empty cells, which makes it ideal for joining a whole row or list:

=TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A2:C2)

First argument – the separator to put between items, here ", ".
Second argument – TRUE to ignore empty cells, FALSE to keep them (which leaves extra separators). In our test, a row with Tom, Lee and an empty city gave "Tom, Lee" with TRUE and "Tom, Lee," with FALSE.
Third argument – the range or cells to join.

Example: joining tags in A2:E2 where some cells are empty, =TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A2:E2) gives a clean comma-separated list with no gaps.

Add a line break between parts

Use CHAR(10) as the separator to stack the parts on separate lines inside one cell:

=TEXTJOIN(CHAR(10), TRUE, A2:C2)

Turn on Format → Wrapping → Wrap so the line breaks show.

Getting #VALUE! on a long result? Text from formulas is limited to 50,000 characters (32,000 for REPT). See "Text result is longer than the limit".

Frequently asked questions

How do I keep leading zeros or a specific date format?

Numbers lose their formatting when joined: in our test, ="Due "&DATE(2026,3,5) gave "Due 46086". Wrap them in TEXT first, for example =A2&" - "&TEXT(B2, "dd/mm/yyyy"), which gave "05/03/2026" for the same date.

How do I split text back into columns?

Use Split text to columns or the SPLIT function. See how to split text into columns.

Why is there no space between my words?

You need to add it yourself: =A2&B2 gives "AnnaSmith", while =A2&" "&B2 gives "Anna Smith".